What is Hand Arthritis?
Hand arthritis is a condition that occurs when the protective cartilage in the joints of the hand wears down over time, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. The most commonly affected joints are those at the base of the thumb, the middle joints of the fingers, and the joints closest to the fingertips. Hand arthritis can significantly interfere with daily activities such as gripping objects, writing, or even buttoning clothes.
What are the Causes of Hand Arthritis?
Hand arthritis develops from a combination of factors that contribute to joint damage and inflammation. Common causes include:
- Osteoarthritis (OA): The most common type, caused by the gradual wear-and-tear of joint cartilage.
- Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): An autoimmune condition that attacks the lining of the joints.
- Post-Traumatic Arthritis: Arthritis that develops after an injury, such as a fracture or severe sprain, to the hand or wrist.
- Genetic Factors: A family history of arthritis can increase the risk.
- Age and Gender: Older adults and women are more likely to develop hand arthritis.
What are the Symptoms of Hand Arthritis?
The symptoms of hand arthritis can vary depending on the severity and type of arthritis. Common symptoms include:
- Pain and Tenderness: Aching or sharp pain in the joints, often worse with activity.
- Stiffness: Particularly noticeable in the morning or after periods of inactivity.
- Swelling: Inflammation that causes visible puffiness around the joints.
- Loss of Grip Strength: Difficulty holding or squeezing objects.
- Joint Deformity: In advanced cases, fingers may drift or appear misshapen.
- Crackling or Grinding Sensation: Known as crepitus, caused by rough joint surfaces rubbing together.
How is Hand Arthritis Diagnosed?
A diagnosis of hand arthritis typically begins with a detailed medical history and physical examination. The physician may evaluate swelling, tenderness, range of motion, and grip strength. Imaging tests such as X-rays can reveal cartilage loss, bone spurs, or joint space narrowing. In some cases, MRI scans or blood tests (to detect rheumatoid arthritis) are used to confirm the diagnosis and identify the type of arthritis.
What are the Treatment Options for Hand Arthritis?
Treatment for hand arthritis focuses on relieving pain, maintaining function, and slowing disease progression. Options include:
Lifestyle Modifications: Activity modification, joint protection techniques, and ergonomic tools.
Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers, anti-inflammatory drugs, and corticosteroid injections.
Therapy: Hand therapy and exercises to improve strength and flexibility.
Splinting: Braces or splints to support and rest affected joints.
Surgery: In severe cases, joint fusion or joint replacement may be recommended.
